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Orthopedic Doctor in Ghatkopar for Bone and Joint Care : Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya

Orthopedic Care Based on the Cause of Your Pain

Bone, joint and muscle pain can affect walking, work, sleep, exercise and day-to-day independence. Although the location of pain provides useful information, the same symptom can arise from several different conditions.

For example, shoulder pain may originate from the shoulder tendons, the joint itself or the neck. Pain around the hip may arise from the hip joint, surrounding muscles, the lower back or another nearby structure. Knee pain may result from arthritis, tendon overload, muscle weakness, previous injury, alignment problems or pain referred from the hip or spine.

The purpose of an orthopedic consultation is therefore not simply to prescribe pain-relieving medication. It is to determine:

  • Which structure is producing the symptoms

  • Whether the condition is related to degeneration, injury, inflammation or another cause

  • How the problem is affecting movement and function

  • Whether imaging or laboratory investigations are necessary

  • Whether treatment can be managed without surgery

  • Whether another orthopedic subspecialist or medical specialist should be involved

  • Whether urgent treatment is required

Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya provides orthopedic consultations in Ghatkopar East and Ghatkopar West for common adult bone, joint and musculoskeletal conditions. His primary clinical focus remains knee arthritis, knee replacement and joint replacement surgery, with consultations also available for selected general orthopedic concerns.

Patients who are uncertain about the cause of their symptoms can begin with a general orthopedic consultation. After assessment, they can be directed to the most appropriate treatment pathway.

When Should You Consult an Orthopedic Doctor?

An orthopedic assessment may be appropriate when pain, stiffness, swelling or weakness is persistent, recurrent or beginning to interfere with normal activity.

Common reasons to seek consultation include:

  • Joint pain lasting more than a few days or repeatedly returning

  • Pain that limits walking, stair climbing, work or exercise

  • Difficulty getting up from a chair or rising from the floor

  • Persistent swelling around a joint

  • Reduced joint movement

  • Pain following a fall, twist or sports injury

  • Inability to bear weight normally

  • Shoulder pain while lifting the arm

  • Back or neck pain that does not improve as expected

  • Pain radiating from the back into the leg

  • Recurrent ankle sprains or joint instability

  • Pain after a previously treated fracture

  • Gradual deformity of a joint or limb

  • Increasing dependence on pain-relieving medication

  • Concern about osteoporosis or a fragility fracture

  • Uncertainty about a recommendation for orthopedic surgery

  • Need for a second opinion before knee or hip replacement

Not every episode of musculoskeletal pain requires an orthopedic consultation. Mild symptoms after an unfamiliar activity may settle with temporary activity modification and appropriate self-care. Assessment becomes more important when symptoms are severe, unexplained, recurrent or associated with functional limitation.

Orthopedic Conditions Evaluated in Ghatkopar

Orthopedics includes conditions involving bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and related structures. The treatment required depends on the diagnosis, severity, general health and effect on daily life.

Knee Pain and Knee Arthritis

Knee problems are a principal area of Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya’s clinical practice.

Knee pain may be related to:

  • Osteoarthritis

  • Patellofemoral overload

  • Degenerative meniscal changes

  • Tendon or soft-tissue problems

  • Muscle weakness

  • Previous injury

  • Limb malalignment

  • Referred pain from the hip or spine

  • Inflammatory or metabolic conditions

A knee assessment may include gait, alignment, range of movement, swelling, tenderness, ligament stability, muscle strength and review of appropriate weight-bearing X-rays.

Patients without a confirmed diagnosis can read the complete guide to knee pain treatment in Mumbai.

Patients with established arthritis can follow the structured pathway for knee arthritis treatment in Mumbai.

Knee replacement is not recommended merely because an X-ray mentions severe arthritis or reduced joint space. The decision depends on pain, walking limitation, deformity, functional loss, medical fitness and the response to appropriate non-surgical treatment.

Patients considering surgery can read about knee replacement surgery in Mumbai and robotic knee replacement in Mumbai.

Hip Pain and Hip Arthritis

Hip pain may be felt in the groin, thigh, outer hip, buttock or sometimes around the knee. The location alone does not always establish whether symptoms arise from the hip joint.

Potential causes include:

  • Hip osteoarthritis

  • Avascular necrosis

  • Tendon-related pain

  • Greater trochanteric pain

  • Muscle injury

  • Previous fracture

  • Referred pain from the lumbar spine

  • Inflammatory joint disease

Assessment may include gait, hip movement, leg length, muscle function, areas of tenderness and appropriate imaging.

Patients can read more about hip pain treatment in Mumbai, hip arthritis treatment in Mumbai and avascular necrosis of the hip.

Patients with advanced joint damage and substantial functional restriction may require assessment for hip replacement surgery in Mumbai.

Joint Pain and Stiffness

Joint pain can involve one joint or several areas at the same time.

Symptoms may be related to:

  • Osteoarthritis

  • Tendon or ligament disorders

  • Previous injury

  • Overuse

  • Gout or crystal-related arthritis

  • Inflammatory arthritis

  • Infection

  • Referred pain

  • Age-related muscle weakness and reduced mobility

Morning stiffness, swelling of several joints, unexplained fever, prolonged fatigue or involvement of the small joints of both hands may indicate a condition that requires physician or rheumatology assessment.

The planned guide to joint pain and arthritis treatment in Ghatkopar will explain how different patterns of joint pain are evaluated.

Shoulder Pain and Restricted Movement

Shoulder pain can result from problems involving tendons, muscles, the shoulder joint, the acromioclavicular joint or the cervical spine.

Common presentations include:

  • Pain while lifting the arm

  • Night pain

  • Shoulder stiffness

  • Pain after exercise or repetitive activity

  • Pain following a fall

  • Difficulty reaching behind the back

  • Weakness while lifting

  • Pain extending from the neck toward the shoulder or arm

Treatment depends on the cause. Many shoulder conditions can initially be managed through activity modification, appropriate medication, physiotherapy and progressive exercise. Persistent weakness, traumatic injury, instability or major structural damage may require further imaging or referral to a shoulder specialist.

Read more about shoulder pain treatment in Ghatkopar.

Patients with progressive pain and marked restriction of movement can also refer to the planned page on frozen shoulder treatment in Ghatkopar.

Back Pain, Neck Pain and Sciatica

Back and neck symptoms are common but do not all arise from the same condition.

Possible causes include:

  • Muscle or ligament strain

  • Mechanical back or neck pain

  • Age-related degenerative changes

  • Disc-related irritation

  • Nerve-root irritation

  • Poorly tolerated activity or prolonged posture

  • Osteoporotic compression fracture

  • Pain referred from the hip, shoulder or another structure

Routine imaging is not necessary for every patient with recent back or neck pain. The need for an X-ray, MRI or other investigation depends on the history, examination findings, duration of symptoms and presence of warning signs.

The planned pages on lower back pain treatment in Ghatkopar, neck pain treatment in Ghatkopar and sciatica treatment in Ghatkopar will provide condition-specific information.

Patients with progressive neurological weakness, altered bladder or bowel control, numbness around the genital or saddle region, major trauma or severe unexplained systemic symptoms require prompt medical assessment.

Fractures and Injuries

A fracture may follow a fall, road-traffic accident, sports injury or another form of trauma. In older adults, a fracture after a relatively minor fall may indicate reduced bone strength.

Orthopedic assessment may be required for:

  • Suspected closed fractures

  • Review of an X-ray performed elsewhere

  • Cast or splint assessment

  • Persistent pain after an injury

  • Fracture follow-up

  • Delayed fracture healing

  • Malunion or deformity after a fracture

  • Joint stiffness following immobilisation

  • Fragility fractures

  • Second opinions regarding fracture surgery

Treatment may involve protection, immobilisation, rehabilitation or surgery, depending on the bone involved, fracture pattern, displacement, soft-tissue condition and functional requirements.

Read more about fracture treatment in Ghatkopar.

An outpatient clinic is not a substitute for an emergency trauma department. Open fractures, uncontrolled bleeding, severe deformity, loss of circulation, major road-traffic trauma, head injury or multiple serious injuries require immediate assessment at an appropriately equipped hospital.

Sports Injuries, Sprains and Strains

Sports and exercise-related symptoms may involve muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints or bones.

Common presentations include:

  • Ankle sprains

  • Muscle strains

  • Tendon overload

  • Pain after running or gym activity

  • Joint swelling after sport

  • Pain after a twisting injury

  • Recurrent instability

  • Suspected stress injury

  • Difficulty returning to exercise

Assessment should determine whether the problem is a minor soft-tissue injury, fracture, significant ligament injury, tendon rupture or another condition requiring targeted treatment.

The purpose of treatment is not only to reduce pain. It should restore adequate movement, strength, control and confidence before unrestricted return to activity.

Read the planned guide to sports injury treatment in Ghatkopar.

Complex ligament reconstruction, meniscal surgery and specialist sports-knee procedures may require referral to an appropriate sports-medicine or arthroscopy specialist.

Foot, Ankle and Heel Pain

Foot and ankle symptoms may affect walking, exercise, footwear tolerance and balance.

Conditions commonly assessed include:

  • Ankle sprains

  • Tendon-related pain

  • Foot and ankle arthritis

  • Achilles tendon symptoms

  • Flat-foot-related discomfort

  • Pain after injury

  • Heel pain

  • Plantar fasciitis

  • Suspected stress injury

  • Swelling around the ankle

Treatment depends on the diagnosis and may include load modification, suitable footwear, exercise, physiotherapy, medication or temporary support.

Read more about foot and ankle pain treatment in Ghatkopar and heel pain and plantar fasciitis treatment.

Hand, Wrist and Elbow Pain

Upper-limb symptoms can affect gripping, lifting, writing, computer work and household activities.

Common problems include:

  • Wrist sprains

  • Pain after a fall

  • Tendon-related wrist or thumb pain

  • Thumb-base arthritis

  • Hand-joint pain

  • Carpal tunnel-type symptoms

  • Tennis elbow

  • Golfer’s elbow

  • Elbow stiffness

  • Pain associated with repetitive activity

Persistent numbness, progressive weakness, major trauma or suspected tendon rupture may require further investigation or specialist referral.

Read more about hand and wrist pain treatment in Ghatkopar and tennis elbow treatment in Ghatkopar.

Osteoporosis and Bone Health

Osteoporosis reduces bone strength and increases the risk of fragility fractures. It may remain undetected until a fracture occurs.

Assessment may be appropriate after:

  • A fracture following a minor fall

  • A vertebral compression fracture

  • Repeated fractures

  • Significant loss of height

  • Prolonged corticosteroid treatment

  • Early menopause or other recognised risk factors

  • A bone-density test showing osteopenia or osteoporosis

  • Concern about falling and reduced mobility

Bone-health management may include fracture-risk assessment, review of bone-density testing where indicated, relevant blood investigations, exercise, nutrition, fall prevention and medication when clinically appropriate.

Read more about osteoporosis treatment in Ghatkopar.

Orthopedic Care for Older Adults

Older adults may have several factors contributing to pain and reduced mobility at the same time. These may include arthritis, muscle weakness, balance problems, previous fractures, osteoporosis, medical comorbidities and fear of falling.

Assessment should consider:

  • The cause of pain

  • Walking ability

  • Falls

  • Muscle strength

  • Joint movement

  • Balance

  • Bone health

  • Current medication

  • Home support

  • Personal treatment goals

  • The ability to participate in rehabilitation

The objective is to preserve function and independence rather than treating an X-ray in isolation.

Read more about orthopedic care for older adults in Ghatkopar.

What Happens During an Orthopedic Consultation?

A useful orthopedic consultation begins with the clinical history rather than an automatic prescription for an X-ray or MRI.

Understanding the symptoms

You may be asked about:

  • Where the pain is located

  • When it began

  • Whether there was an injury

  • Activities that aggravate or relieve it

  • Swelling, stiffness or instability

  • Night pain or pain at rest

  • Walking distance

  • Difficulty using stairs

  • Effect on work, sleep and exercise

  • Previous treatment

  • Medical conditions and current medication

The pattern of symptoms helps narrow the possible diagnosis, but it must be interpreted with the examination.

Physical examination

The examination depends on the body part involved and may include:

  • Posture and gait

  • Joint alignment

  • Range of movement

  • Swelling

  • Tenderness

  • Muscle strength

  • Joint stability

  • Neurological function

  • Comparison with the opposite side

  • Examination of adjacent joints

  • Functional movements relevant to the symptoms

For example, knee pain may require examination of the hip and spine, while shoulder pain may require assessment of the neck.

Review of previous reports and images

Patients can bring:

  • X-rays

  • MRI or CT images

  • Radiology reports

  • Blood-test results

  • Previous prescriptions

  • Surgical records

  • Implant information

  • Physiotherapy reports

Actual images are often more useful than a written report alone. Imaging findings should be correlated with the patient’s symptoms and examination.

Deciding whether further tests are required

Not every patient requires every available investigation.

Depending on the clinical findings, further assessment may include:

  • Weight-bearing X-rays

  • Ultrasound

  • MRI

  • CT scan

  • Blood investigations

  • Bone-density testing

  • Nerve-conduction studies

  • Referral for another specialist opinion

The investigation should answer a relevant clinical question and should be likely to influence treatment.

Is an MRI Necessary Before Seeing an Orthopedic Doctor?

No. Patients can attend an orthopedic consultation without obtaining an MRI in advance.

For many bone and joint conditions, the history, examination and appropriate X-rays provide the most useful initial information. MRI may be helpful when there is concern about soft-tissue injury, occult bone injury, nerve compression or another condition not adequately assessed through examination and simpler imaging.

Obtaining an MRI before clinical assessment can sometimes identify incidental age-related changes that are unrelated to the patient’s actual pain. The decision to request advanced imaging should therefore be based on the suspected diagnosis and whether the result is likely to alter treatment.

Patients who already have imaging should bring the images and reports to the consultation.

Non-Surgical Orthopedic Treatment

Many orthopedic conditions can be managed without surgery.

Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include:

  • Education about the condition

  • Temporary activity modification

  • Progressive return to activity

  • Physiotherapy

  • Strength and mobility exercises

  • Weight management where relevant

  • Appropriate footwear

  • Bracing or walking aids in selected patients

  • Medication based on medical suitability

  • Local heat or cold where appropriate

  • Injection treatment for selected indications

  • Fall-prevention measures

  • Bone-health treatment

  • Review and modification of aggravating factors

Non-surgical treatment should have a defined objective. This may be pain reduction, improved movement, restoration of strength, better walking tolerance or return to a specific activity.

The same treatment is not appropriate for every patient. Exercise, medication and injection decisions should account for age, diagnosis, severity, medical conditions and individual goals.

When Might Orthopedic Surgery Be Considered?

Surgery may be considered when:

  • The diagnosis has been established

  • The structural problem is suitable for surgical correction

  • Symptoms cause substantial functional limitation

  • Appropriate non-surgical treatment has not provided adequate benefit

  • Further delay may worsen deformity or function

  • The expected benefit reasonably justifies the risks

  • The patient is medically suitable

  • The patient understands the alternatives and recovery requirements

The presence of an abnormal MRI or X-ray does not by itself establish the need for surgery.

Similarly, avoiding surgery at all costs is not always the safest or most functional approach. Some fractures, tendon ruptures, unstable injuries and advanced joint conditions may have poorer outcomes when appropriate surgical treatment is unnecessarily delayed.

The decision should be based on diagnosis, symptoms, functional limitation, expected benefit, medical health and the patient’s informed preference.

When Is Urgent Medical Assessment Required?

Seek urgent medical or emergency assessment after an injury if there is:

  • An open wound with a suspected fracture

  • Severe deformity

  • Uncontrolled bleeding

  • A cold, pale or numb hand or foot

  • Loss of pulse or circulation

  • Severe pain after major trauma

  • Inability to move or bear weight after significant injury

  • Head injury, loss of consciousness or confusion

  • Chest, abdominal or spinal injury

  • Several injuries following a road-traffic accident

Urgent assessment may also be required for:

  • A hot, swollen joint with fever

  • Sudden severe joint pain without a clear explanation

  • Progressive limb weakness

  • New loss of bladder or bowel control

  • Numbness around the saddle or genital area

  • Severe back pain with fever or unexplained systemic illness

  • Sudden calf swelling with breathlessness or chest pain

  • Rapidly worsening pain after surgery

These symptoms should not be managed through a routine clinic appointment alone.

When Is Referral to Another Specialist Appropriate?

Ethical orthopedic care includes recognising when another specialist’s expertise is required.

Referral may be appropriate for:

  • Complex spinal surgery

  • Specialist shoulder reconstruction

  • Hand and microsurgery

  • Foot and ankle reconstruction

  • Paediatric deformity

  • Bone or soft-tissue tumours

  • Inflammatory arthritis

  • Complex metabolic bone disease

  • Neurological conditions

  • Vascular causes of limb pain

  • Polytrauma requiring a multidisciplinary trauma centre

Referral does not represent a failure of orthopedic assessment. It helps ensure that the patient reaches the clinician and facility most suited to the specific condition.

Clinical Approach of Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya

Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya’s approach is based on:

  • Establishing the likely diagnosis before selecting treatment

  • Relating imaging findings to the patient’s symptoms and function

  • Considering non-surgical treatment first when appropriate

  • Avoiding unnecessary tests

  • Explaining realistic benefits and limitations

  • Recommending surgery only when the expected benefit justifies it

  • Referring to another subspecialist when the condition falls outside his principal area of practice

  • Planning rehabilitation and follow-up

  • Avoiding exaggerated promises or guaranteed outcomes

A consultation should help the patient understand:

  1. What is probably causing the symptoms

  2. Whether further investigation is required

  3. Which treatment options are reasonable

  4. What each option can and cannot achieve

  5. Whether specialist referral or surgery should be considered

Orthopedic Clinics in Ghatkopar

Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya consults at two locations in Ghatkopar, Mumbai.

Diabplus Clinic, Ghatkopar East

601, 6th Floor, Skyline Status, Mahatma Gandhi Road, opposite Pooja Hotel, Pant Nagar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400077.

Patients seeking location-specific details can visit the page for an orthopedic doctor in Ghatkopar East.

Savla Clinic, Ghatkopar West

2/3, Dharmodaya Building, next to Raj Medical, near NULife Hospital, Jivdaya Lane, Ghatkopar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086.

Patients seeking location-specific details can visit the page for an orthopedic doctor in Ghatkopar West.

Patients also consult from nearby areas including Pant Nagar, Garodia Nagar, Vidyavihar, Chembur, Kurla, Vikhroli, Powai, Bhandup, Mulund, Thane and other parts of Mumbai.

Frequently Asked Questions

What conditions does an orthopedic doctor treat?

An orthopedic doctor evaluates conditions affecting bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and related structures. These may include arthritis, fractures, sprains, tendon problems, back and neck pain, sports injuries, osteoporosis and joint pain. Some complex conditions require referral to an appropriate orthopedic subspecialist or another medical specialist.

What is the difference between an orthopedic doctor and a joint replacement surgeon?

An orthopedic doctor manages a broad range of musculoskeletal conditions using non-surgical and surgical treatment. A joint replacement surgeon has additional clinical focus on replacing severely damaged joints, most commonly the knee or hip. Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya is an Orthopedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon whose primary focus is knee arthritis and knee replacement.

Can I consult without an X-ray or MRI?

Yes. You do not need to obtain imaging before your first consultation unless it has already been advised for a specific reason. The history and physical examination help determine whether an X-ray, MRI or another investigation is required.

Should I obtain an MRI for joint pain before consultation?

Not routinely. MRI is useful for selected conditions but is not the correct first investigation for every type of pain. Unnecessary MRI may identify incidental changes that are unrelated to the symptoms. Imaging should be selected according to the suspected diagnosis.

Does every patient with arthritis need surgery?

No. Many patients can be managed with exercise, physiotherapy, activity modification, weight management, medically appropriate pain relief or selected injections. Surgery may be considered when advanced joint damage causes substantial symptoms and loss of function despite suitable non-surgical treatment.

Does Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya treat general orthopedic conditions?

Yes. Consultations are available for selected adult orthopedic conditions, including joint pain, fractures, shoulder symptoms, sports injuries, foot and ankle pain, osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal concerns. His principal clinical focus remains knee arthritis and joint replacement.

Does Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya treat back and neck pain?

He provides initial orthopedic assessment for common back and neck symptoms. Patients with significant neurological findings, complex spinal disease or a possible need for spine surgery may be referred to an appropriate spine specialist.

Are sports injuries treated at the clinic?

Common sprains, strains, tendon-related symptoms and exercise-related injuries can be assessed. Complex ligament reconstruction, sports-knee arthroscopy or specialist sports surgery may require referral.

Can suspected fractures be assessed?

Yes. Suspected closed fractures and fracture follow-up can be assessed. Open fractures, major trauma, severe deformity, uncontrolled bleeding or impaired circulation require emergency hospital care.

Is shoulder pain treated without surgery?

Many shoulder conditions can initially be managed without surgery through diagnosis-specific activity modification, medication, physiotherapy and progressive exercise. The correct treatment depends on whether symptoms arise from the tendons, shoulder joint, frozen shoulder, injury or referred pain from the neck.

Does the clinic provide osteoporosis assessment?

Patients with fragility fractures, reduced bone density or recognised osteoporosis risk factors can undergo initial orthopedic and fracture-risk assessment. Bone-density testing, blood investigations, medication or specialist referral may be advised depending on the clinical situation.

Can older adults consult for difficulty walking?

Yes. Difficulty walking in older adults may be related to arthritis, muscle weakness, balance problems, previous fractures, neurological conditions or reduced general health. Assessment should identify the principal cause and determine an appropriate treatment or referral pathway.

Can I seek a second opinion before orthopedic surgery?

Yes. A second opinion can help confirm the diagnosis, determine whether surgery is necessary, review alternative treatments and clarify the likely benefits, risks and recovery requirements.

Is knee replacement advised only from the X-ray?

No. X-rays provide important structural information but do not by themselves determine the need for knee replacement. Symptoms, walking ability, deformity, examination findings, medical fitness and response to non-surgical treatment must also be considered.

Does robotic surgery guarantee a better result?

No. Robotic technology can assist with planning and controlled execution in selected joint-replacement procedures, but it cannot guarantee pain relief, faster recovery or a specific outcome. Surgical judgement, patient selection, technique and rehabilitation remain important.

Which Ghatkopar clinic should I visit?

Patients may choose Diabplus Clinic in Ghatkopar East or Savla Clinic in Ghatkopar West according to location, appointment availability and convenience.

How can I book an orthopedic consultation?

Call +91 84249 03913 or +91 96113 30063. Appointments may also be requested through the orthopedic consultation and contact page.

About Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya

Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya is an Orthopedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon based in Ghatkopar, Mumbai.

His qualifications include:

  • MBBS from LTMMC & GH, Sion Hospital

  • D’Ortho from KMC, Hubli

  • DNB Orthopedics from the National Board of Examinations, New Delhi

  • MNAMS Orthopedics from the National Academy of Medical Sciences

  • Fellowship in Robotic and Computer-Navigated Joint Replacement

His primary clinical focus includes:

  • Knee pain evaluation

  • Knee arthritis treatment

  • Non-surgical arthritis care

  • Total and partial knee replacement

  • Robotic knee replacement

  • Bilateral knee replacement

  • Revision knee replacement

  • Hip replacement surgery

  • Selected general orthopedic conditions

His treatment approach emphasises correct diagnosis, appropriate patient selection, realistic counselling and surgery only when the likely benefits justify it.

Further information is available on the About Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya page.

Book an Orthopedic Consultation in Ghatkopar

Patients seeking evaluation for joint pain, arthritis, an injury, a suspected fracture, reduced movement or an orthopedic second opinion can consult Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya at Ghatkopar East or Ghatkopar West.

Call for an appointment:

+91 84249 03913
+91 96113 30063

Clinic locations:

Diabplus Clinic, Ghatkopar East
Savla Clinic, Ghatkopar West

Book through the orthopedic consultation page.

Medical Review

Written and medically reviewed by:
Dr. Mayur Rabhadiya
Orthopedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon

Last medically reviewed:
June 2026

References

  1. World Health Organization. Musculoskeletal health. WHO Fact Sheet.

  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE Guideline NG226.

  3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. NICE Guideline NG59.

  4. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Osteoarthritis. OrthoInfo.

  5. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Patient education resources on fractures, sports injuries, osteoporosis and musculoskeletal conditions. OrthoInfo.

  6. National Osteoporosis Guideline Group. Clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Medical Disclaimer

This page provides general patient education and does not replace an individual clinical examination, diagnosis or personalised medical advice.

The cause of musculoskeletal pain cannot always be established from symptoms alone. Treatment depends on the patient’s history, examination findings, functional limitation, imaging where appropriate, medical health and personal goals.

No medication, injection, physiotherapy programme, surgical procedure, implant or robotic system can guarantee a particular result. Patients with severe symptoms, major trauma, neurological deficits, fever with a swollen joint or signs of impaired circulation should seek urgent medical assessment.

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